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openzfs-docs/docs/Developer Resources/OpenZFS Exceptions.rst
jumbi77 b8d02ca7d8 Update OpenZFS Exceptions
Although openzfs/zfs is the new default repo and the OpenZFS patch
exceptions are obsolete, the list should be as accurate as possible.
2021-04-14 13:39:56 +03:00

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OpenZFS Exceptions
==================
Commit exceptions used to explicitly reference a given Linux commit.
These exceptions are useful for a variety of reasons.
**This page is used to generate**
`OpenZFS Tracking <http://build.zfsonlinux.org/openzfs-tracking.html>`__
**page.**
Format:
^^^^^^^
- ``<openzfs issue>|-|<comment>`` - The OpenZFS commit isn't applicable
to Linux, or the OpenZFS -> ZFS on Linux commit matching is unable to
associate the related commits due to lack of information (denoted by
a -).
- ``<openzfs issue>|<commit>|<comment>`` - The fix was merged to Linux
prior to their being an OpenZFS issue.
- ``<openzfs issue>|!|<comment>`` - The commit is applicable but not
applied for the reason described in the comment.
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| OpenZFS issue id | status/ZFS commit | comment |
+==================+===================+=============================+
| 11453 | ! | check_disk() on illumos |
| | | isn't available on ZoL / |
| | | OpenZFS 2.0 |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 11276 | da68988 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 11052 | 2efea7c | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 11051 | 3b61ca3 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10853 | 8dc2197 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10844 | 61c3391 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10842 | d10b2f1 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10841 | 944a372 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10809 | ee36c70 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10808 | 2ef0f8c | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10701 | 0091d66 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10601 | cc99f27 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10573 | 48d3eb4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10572 | edc1e71 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10566 | ab7615d | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10554 | bec1067 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10500 | 03916905 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10449 | 379ca9c | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10406 | da2feb4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10154 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 10067 | - | The only ZFS change was to |
| | | zfs remap, which was |
| | | removed on Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9884 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9851 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9691 | d9b4bf0 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9683 | - | Not applicable to Linux due |
| | | to devids not being used |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9680 | - | Applied and rolled back in |
| | | OpenZFS, additional changes |
| | | needed. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9672 | 29445fe3 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9647 | a448a25 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9626 | 59e6e7ca | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9635 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9623 | 22448f08 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9621 | 305bc4b3 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9539 | 5228cf01 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9512 | b4555c77 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9487 | 48fbb9dd | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9466 | 272b5d73 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9440 | f664f1e | Illumos ticket 9440 never |
| | | landed in openzfs/openzfs, |
| | | but in ZoL / OpenZFS 2.0 |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9433 | 0873bb63 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9421 | 64c1dcef | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9237 | - | Introduced by 8567 which |
| | | was never applied to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9194 | - | Not applicable the '-o |
| | | ashift=value' option is |
| | | provided on Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9077 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9027 | 4a5d7f82 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9018 | 3ec34e55 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8984 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8969 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8942 | 650258d7 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8941 | 390d679a | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8862 | 3b9edd7 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8858 | - | Not applicable to Linux |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8856 | - | Not applicable to Linux due |
| | | to Encryption (b525630) |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8809 | ! | Adding libfakekernel needs |
| | | to be done by refactoring |
| | | existing code. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8727 | b525630 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8713 | 871e0732 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8661 | 1ce23dca | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8648 | f763c3d1 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8602 | a032ac4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8601 | d99a015 | Equivalent fix included in |
| | | initial commit |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8590 | 935e2c2 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8569 | - | This change isn't relevant |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8567 | - | An alternate fix was |
| | | applied for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8552 | 935e2c2 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8521 | ee6370a7 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8502 | ! | Apply when porting OpenZFS |
| | | 7955 |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 9485 | 1258bd7 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8477 | 92e43c1 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8454 | - | An alternate fix was |
| | | applied for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8423 | 50c957f | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8408 | 5f1346c | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8379 | - | This change isn't relevant |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8376 | - | This change isn't relevant |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8311 | ! | Need to assess |
| | | applicability to Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8304 | - | This change isn't relevant |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8300 | 44f09cd | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8265 | - | The large_dnode feature has |
| | | been implemented for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8168 | 78d95ea | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8138 | 44f09cd | The spelling fix to the zfs |
| | | man page came in with the |
| | | mdoc conversion. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8108 | - | An equivalent Linux |
| | | specific fix was made. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8068 | a1d477c24c | merged with zfs device |
| | | evacuation/removal |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8064 | - | This change isn't relevant |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8022 | e55ebf6 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8021 | 7657def | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 8013 | - | The change is illumos |
| | | specific and not applicable |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7982 | - | The change is illumos |
| | | specific and not applicable |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7970 | c30e58c | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7956 | cda0317 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7955 | ! | Need to assess |
| | | applicability to Linux. If |
| | | porting, apply 8502. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7869 | df7eecc | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7816 | - | The change is illumos |
| | | specific and not applicable |
| | | for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7803 | - | This functionality is |
| | | provided by |
| | | ``upda |
| | | te_vdev_config_dev_strs()`` |
| | | on Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7801 | 0eef1bd | Commit f25efb3 in |
| | | openzfs/master has a small |
| | | change for linting which is |
| | | being ported. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7779 | - | The change isn't relevant, |
| | | ``zfs_ctldir.c`` was |
| | | rewritten for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7740 | 32d41fb | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7739 | 582cc014 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7730 | e24e62a | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7710 | - | None of the illumos build |
| | | system is used under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7602 | 44f09cd | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7591 | 541a090 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7586 | c443487 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7570 | - | Due to differences in the |
| | | block layer all discards |
| | | are handled asynchronously |
| | | under Linux. This |
| | | functionality could be |
| | | ported but it's unclear to |
| | | what purpose. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7542 | - | The Linux libshare code |
| | | differs significantly from |
| | | the upstream OpenZFS code. |
| | | Since this change doesn't |
| | | address a Linux specific |
| | | issue it doesn't need to be |
| | | ported. The eventual plan |
| | | is to retire all of the |
| | | existing libshare code and |
| | | use the ZED to more |
| | | flexibly control filesystem |
| | | sharing. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7512 | - | None of the illumos build |
| | | system is used under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7497 | - | DTrace is isn't readily |
| | | available under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7446 | ! | Need to assess |
| | | applicability to Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7430 | 68cbd56 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7402 | 690fe64 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7345 | 058ac9b | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7278 | - | Dynamic ARC tuning is |
| | | handled slightly |
| | | differently under Linux and |
| | | this case is covered by |
| | | arc_tuning_update() |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7238 | - | zvol_swap test already |
| | | disabled in ZoL |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7194 | d7958b4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7164 | b1b85c87 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7041 | 33c0819 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 7016 | d3c2ae1 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6914 | - | Under Linux the |
| | | arc_meta_limit can be tuned |
| | | with the |
| | | zfs_arc_meta_limit_percent |
| | | module option. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6875 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6843 | f5f087e | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6841 | 4254acb | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6781 | 15313c5 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6765 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6764 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6763 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6762 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6648 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6578 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6577 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6575 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6568 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6528 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6494 | - | The ``vdev_disk.c`` and |
| | | ``vdev_file.c`` files have |
| | | been reworked extensively |
| | | for Linux. The proposed |
| | | changes are not needed. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6468 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6465 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6434 | 472e7c6 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6421 | ca0bf58 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6418 | 131cc95 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6391 | ee06391 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6390 | 85802aa | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6388 | 0de7c55 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6386 | 485c581 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6385 | f3ad9cd | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6369 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6368 | 2024041 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6346 | 058ac9b | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6334 | 1a04bab | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6290 | 017da6 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6250 | - | Linux handles crash dumps |
| | | in a fundamentally |
| | | different way than Illumos. |
| | | The proposed changes are |
| | | not needed. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6249 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6248 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6220 | - | The b_thawed debug code was |
| | | unused under Linux and |
| | | removed. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6209 | - | The Linux user space mutex |
| | | implementation is based on |
| | | phtread primitives. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6095 | f866a4ea | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6091 | c11f100 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 6037 | a8bd6dc | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5984 | 480f626 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5966 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5961 | 22872ff | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5882 | 83e9986 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5815 | - | This patch could be adapted |
| | | if needed use equivalent |
| | | Linux functionality. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5770 | c3275b5 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5769 | dd26aa5 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5768 | - | The change isn't relevant, |
| | | ``zfs_ctldir.c`` was |
| | | rewritten for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5766 | 4dd1893 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5693 | 0f7d2a4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5692 | ! | This functionality should |
| | | be ported in such a way |
| | | that it can be integrated |
| | | with ``filefrag(8)``. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5684 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5410 | 0bf8501 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5409 | b23d543 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5379 | - | This particular issue never |
| | | impacted Linux due to the |
| | | need for a modified |
| | | zfs_putpage() |
| | | implementation. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5316 | - | The illumos idmap facility |
| | | isn't available under |
| | | Linux. This patch could |
| | | still be applied to |
| | | minimize code delta or all |
| | | HAVE_IDMAP chunks could be |
| | | removed on Linux for better |
| | | readability. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5313 | ec8501e | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5312 | ! | This change should be made |
| | | but the ideal time to do it |
| | | is when the spl repository |
| | | is folded in to the zfs |
| | | repository (planned for |
| | | 0.8). At this time we'll |
| | | want to cleanup many of the |
| | | includes. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5219 | ef56b07 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5179 | 3f4058c | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5149 | - | Equivalent Linux |
| | | functionality is provided |
| | | by the |
| | | ``zvol_max_discard_blocks`` |
| | | module option. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5148 | - | Discards are handled |
| | | differently under Linux, |
| | | there is no DKIOCFREE |
| | | ioctl. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5136 | e8b96c6 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4752 | aa9af22 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4745 | 411bf20 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4698 | 4fcc437 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4620 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4573 | 10b7549 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4571 | 6e1b9d0 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4570 | b1d13a6 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4391 | 78e2739 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4465 | cda0317 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4263 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4242 | - | Neither vnodes or their |
| | | associated events exist |
| | | under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4206 | 2820bc4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4188 | 2e7b765 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4181 | 44f09cd | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4161 | - | The Linux user space |
| | | reader/writer |
| | | implementation is based on |
| | | phtread primitives. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4128 | ! | The |
| | | ldi_ev_register_callbacks() |
| | | interface doesn't exist |
| | | under Linux. It may be |
| | | possible to receive similar |
| | | notifications via the scsi |
| | | error handlers or possibly |
| | | a different interface. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 4072 | - | None of the illumos build |
| | | system is used under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3947 | 7f9d994 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3928 | - | Neither vnodes or their |
| | | associated events exist |
| | | under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3871 | d1d7e268 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3747 | 090ff09 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3705 | - | The Linux implementation |
| | | uses the lz4 workspace kmem |
| | | cache to resolve the stack |
| | | issue. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3606 | c5b247f | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3580 | - | Linux provides generic |
| | | ioctl handlers get/set |
| | | block device information. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3543 | 8dca0a9 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3512 | 67629d0 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3507 | 43a696e | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3444 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3371 | 44f09cd | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3311 | 6bb24f4 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3301 | - | The Linux implementation of |
| | | ``vdev_disk.c`` does not |
| | | include this comment. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3258 | 9d81146 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3254 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 3246 | cc92e9d | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 2933 | - | None of the illumos build |
| | | system is used under Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 2897 | fb82700 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 2665 | 32a9872 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 2130 | 460a021 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 1974 | - | This change was entirely |
| | | replaced in the ARC |
| | | restructuring. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 1898 | - | The zfs_putpage() function |
| | | was rewritten to properly |
| | | integrate with the Linux |
| | | VM. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 1700 | - | Not applicable to Linux, |
| | | the discard implementation |
| | | is entirely different. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 1618 | ca67b33 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 1337 | 2402458 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 1126 | e43b290 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 763 | 3cee226 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 742 | ! | WIP to support NFSv4 ACLs |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 701 | 460a021 | |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 348 | - | The Linux implementation of |
| | | ``vdev_disk.c`` must have |
| | | this differently. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 243 | - | Manual updates have been |
| | | made separately for Linux. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| 184 | - | The zfs_putpage() function |
| | | was rewritten to properly |
| | | integrate with the Linux |
| | | VM. |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+